Plagiarism Policy

The journal upholds the highest standards of academic integrity and publication ethics. Authors submitting manuscripts must ensure that their work is entirely original, properly cited, and free from plagiarism in any form. Submissions must not contain text, data, images, or ideas from other sources without appropriate acknowledgment and referencing.

All manuscripts are subjected to plagiarism screening using Similarity Check by Crossref (powered by iThenticate/Turnitin) prior to the peer review process. Based on the similarity index, manuscripts with unacceptable levels of overlap may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected without review.

If plagiarism is detected at any stage:

• Before acceptance – the manuscript may be rejected or returned to the authors for correction.

• After acceptance but before publication – the manuscript may be withdrawn from the editorial process.

• After publication – the article will be retracted and permanently removed from the online archive, with a formal notice issued.

The journal reserves the right to take appropriate action in cases of ethical misconduct, in accordance with international best practices in scholarly publishing.